The first important step is to briefly explain the system of governance that operates in the country before mapping the relevant policy fields that affect private enterprises. This is important because there will be readers of your work – within the country and outside – that don’t fully understand these arrangements. This should also include a description of the powers and responsibilities of government structures at the national, provincial, district, and local levels.
See Box 2 for an illustration of the possible range of systems of governance and powers.
| Box 2: Range of systems of governance and powers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Level of government | Kinds of instruments | Instruments used (Example) | Authority (Example) |
| Central | National polity | Constitution | Parliament, Plebiscite, Referendum |
| National policies | Presidential Decree | President | |
| Executive Order | President | ||
| Parliamentary Decree | National Parliament | ||
| White Paper | National Parliament | ||
| National Policy | National Cabinet | ||
| Legislation | National Law | National Parliament | |
| Code | National Parliament or Cabinet | ||
| Regulation | Regulations and procedures | National Parliament | |
| Ordinance | Line-ministries | ||
| Circular | Line-ministries | ||
| Administrative Order | Line-ministries | ||
| Provincial | Provincial Policies | Provincial Strategies | Provincial Development Council |
| Provincial Strategies | Provincial Council | ||
| Legislation | Provincial Laws | Provincial Legislature | |
| Regulation | Provincial Regulations and Ordinances | Provincial Bureaucracy | |
| Local | Local Policies | Local Government Plans | Local Authority Council |
| Local Development Strategy | Local Government Council | ||
| Legislation | Bylaws | Local Government Council | |
| Regulations | Ordinance | Local Government Council | |
| Administration | Procedures and inspections | Local Government Bureaucracy | |
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